The known mechanism of mental protection -
displacement (displacement of the accent of perception from the major
issue to its symbol - side-issue) - it prepares psyche for the
follow-up - the start of the mechanism of inversion - the
transformation of negative emotions into the positive (see: Displacement, inversion, sublimation...).
Through this mechanism is outlined the cause-effect connection
dangerous (injury) and attractive (beautiful). For
example, wild nature simultaneously is dangerous and attractive.
It is analogous with fear at the height when height
simultaneously is attractive, fear to stray in the scaffolding, to
wound against the sharp stones and the branches (which for sure
occurred, and this fear it was hidden before the consciousness) is
made itself forest attractive and in its own way beautiful.
Any, even light scratch is accompanied by
hemorrhage. Consequently, the form of the blood is always
associated with the situation of injury, which, possibly, makes
red color beautiful.
The following lexical number, is similar, it confirms this
regularity:
черный - black, in the sense terrible, dangerous;
кровь - blood;
чермный - is red (old slavic);
червонный - red;
красный - red;
красивый - beautiful.
Words are located in the ascending order of
attractiveness. However, in each of the word groups with the
related root basis are pairs with the words opposite according to the
sense: black - pure-gold, the blood - beautiful. Word
"chermnyy" consonant to word "black" is connected with the similarity
of value to the word group, related to word "red".
Hence it follows that the etymological connection of the
words, which designate emotional states opposite on the sign,
strictly, and shows the cause-effect connection of these emotional
states.
Two poles are examined also in the English-language
version:
black - black;
blood - blood;
blood curding - terrible, terrible;
blaze - luster, splendour;
bliss - bliss;
beauty - beauty.
The analysis of perception and dark-blue (cold) color
gives analogous results. Most likely, this is association to the
turning blue (cyanosis) of the skin during the supercooling.
Cyanosis (bruise) also appears also as a result of mechanical
injury. Consequently, dark-blue azure color also is associated
with the situation of injury.
Let us examine the lexical number:
black - black;
bleak - cold, desert;
blue - blue, dark-blue;
blaze - luster, splendour;
bliss - bliss.
Two poles of emotional reactions here also are observed.
I.e., the unconscious tendency toward overcoming of unpleasant
experiences also makes dark-blue azure color attractive and that
extended. For example, blue in the clothing and other details of
appearance as the presence of the nuances of red, they especially
emphasize female beauty.
Saturation by these colors strengthens the emotionalism of
any means - it excites a feeling of excellent. The prevailing
popular, fairytale characters appear precisely thus: the
whitish-blue clothing of Snow-maiden, the red sheath of Grandfather
Frost, Santa Claus, the bluish means of Malvina, etc.
Active also are emotionally the nuances of lilac and
violet it is color.
The guesses first spoke out apropos of the appearance of
man, and then there was proven experimentally (J. Langlois & L. Roggman;
1990), that beautiful appearance has minimum deviations from the
certain average, composition (artificial) appearance. Averaged
face, obtained with the aid of the computer imposition, was evaluated
as more attractive than the majority of the individual persons.
It is possible to assume that the deflecting appearance
causes alertness both because of the association with the unpleasant
traits of nature and because of the rare occurrence. It is
avoided (unconsciously) rare in favor of that becoming familiar.
For example, the large birthmark makes the appearance of
less attractive. However, small birth mark gives appearance
certain piquancy, attractiveness. However, the complete absence
of birth marks and other small defects of the skin as after the
application of powder, makes face unnatural, maskoobraznym.
I.e., positive emotions cause the signal of mean power (small
birth mark). Strong signal and very weak signal cause negative
emotions.
The defined stimulating action (stimulus), rendering in
the different time the action of different force and causing response
reaction, seemingly it will be tested to the hazard level,
"calibrates". The most acceptable (optimum) at the given moment
level of the stimulating action causes the most perceptible positive
emotion.
It is known that the effectiveness of activity depends on
the emotional excitation (P.Fress, Zh.Piazhe, 1975). It occurs
that the very weak and very strong emotional excitation (with the
appropriate motivation) leads to reduction in the effectiveness in the
work. And there is a certain optimum of emotional excitation
(optimum of motivation), with which the activity is maximally
effective.
Let us glance at the results of these experiments from
somewhat different point of view: after presenting the
situation, when the specific level of emotional excitation is not
assigned by experimentally, but, on the contrary, acting any stimulus
of different force in the different time, to look, what there will be
emotional reaction depending on the force of action. Prevailing
motivation in this case to consider constant.
If the effectiveness of activity is indirect, but by the
index of positive emotions, and ineffectiveness - by index of negative
emotions, then the results of experiments will be in complete
agreement with examples examined above.
In the examples: gustatory senses, the action of
natural factors, interaction with the people, the sensation of
attractive, physical and working activity, etc. it is apparent that
the positive emotions cause only frequently influencing (extended)
stimuli of mean power.
The effect of training, the fact of the practical
application of the irritating, "distracting" means, and also use in
practical psychology of the phenomenon of "catharsis" - make it
possible to estimate role and influence of the already experienced
emotional reactions to force and sign of urgent emotional reaction.
The observed regularity for the strong, average and weak
versions of action occurs only with a sufficient repetition
(frequency) of all versions of action, but, as a rule, with the
greatest repetition of the action of mean power (as causing positive
emotions). But rare stimuli (including extreme versions on the
force of action), independent of their biological significance
(force), they are always received by organism as new, and reaction on
them will be either tentative reaction or avoidance.
The state of "optimum emotional reaction" is characterized
by a feeling of satisfaction, pleasant agitation, excitation;
the behavior of subject is subordinated to the tendency to
dostich' this state and to be in this state.
Strong motivation (as the factor of situation) can enlarge
the "region of positive emotions" (for example, in the state of hunger
it will become acceptable both sharper and fresher food than usually).
The avoidance of the damaging action (stimulus) both in
its the excessive and weak manifestation, leads to the fact that its
optimum level of this action is determined for each concrete
situation. The strong travmiruyushchiye actions (experience),
which it cannot be avoided, will be extruded, displaced and, with the
presence of the prevailing motivation, they are inverted.
Reaction to the weak actions (discomfort) also can undergo
transformation (inversion), which will indicate the return of normal
health under the new conditions (for example, in the case of
solitude). Consequently, the test of reaction both for strong
and weak stimuli also changes the region of positive emotions, is
shifted it respectively either to the side of strong stimuli, or to
the side of weak. Thus, the effect of training, the application
of the irritating, "distracting" means, and also the effect of
"catharsis" - cause the shift of the region of positive emotions into
the side of stronger stimulus. For example, painful signals from
the internal organ already cease to be received as painful
(inversion), and the sensation of pain is passed. In these last
examples, in the essence, are simulated the mental processes, which
appear and are developed in genuine reality "by themselves".
Each optimum emotional excitation (subordinate process),
if it is realized, is characterized, as already mentioned, by a
certain strengthening of positive emotions (for example, sensation to
the extent of the salt product). The unconscious optimum
emotional excitation can merge with others into one prevailing
emotional excitation. This "effect of summing up" gives the
strong positive experience, in certain cases which reaches the
euphoria. So, the taste of finished dish is received as
something the whole, which causes pleasure, with the fact that the
taste of each entering ingredient is not realized.
The effect of summing up appears also with the perception
of the appearance of the surrounding people. To each of the
features of face, line (characteristic) of the figures, whose quantity
is boundless, appears emotional reaction, as with the encounter with
the man - the carrier of this feature- characteristic, possibly, which
is deflected to that or other side. With the summing up of a
large quantity of emotions (optimum emotional excitations), in the
case of the average state of the corresponding features, as a result
is obtained this strong effect of attractiveness and beauty.
During the sexual relations the summing up of optimum
emotional reactions is observed at all stages and at all levels.
Almost simultaneously they survive: personal sympathies,
close relations, weakening frustration, overcoming shame and
forbidden, physical contacts, etc.
Strong positive emotional experience, sensation of
euphoria, being repeated and being strengthened due to the
subordinates of emotions, become the basis of the prevailing
motivation.
Based on materials of Vladimir Ivanov's article
"Psychology, dreams, reflexes" - Part 1,Part 2.
Touch uponed by you theme falls into the discharge that
by the name sound symbolism.
http://www.conknet.com/~mmagnus/ http://www.trismegistos.com/
Basic objection against this: there is too
much arbitrariness.
In contrast to this the program VAAL www.vaal.ru,
for example, operates
with more verified data with respect to words and is sonic. and
the etymology always it is possible to find such, which will confirm
almost any allusion.
река - рука, дом - дым, МасЛО - МОЛОкО, КОШка - КОШмар, кошМАР - коМАР
(translation: river - hand, house - smoke, oil - milk, cat - nightmare,
nightmare - gnat),
and so forth, and etc.
And then, this greatly reminds to constructs Kelly. Your
constructs of Kelly.
The results of experimental studies also can be urged
under the "necessary" conclusions or distorted by artifacts. But
in this case, it is agreeable (it had this in the form), only results
of investigating of person himself, his psyche can be the best
confirmation of any psychological hypothesis. I.e., more right
it would be, on the contrary, the lexical hypothesis (when the subject
of a study "was washed away") to confirm, if would appear this need,
by biological, psychological studies. Naturally, with the
sufficiently high level of the corresponding studies.
(F) Psyling
They are urged?
Quotation: The results of experimental studies also can be urged
under the "necessary" conclusions
Under what conclusion it is possible to drive on:
what color letter A in the Russian language?
how pleasantly does sound Russian word ХРОМОСОМА or English
JEOPARDISE?
I to the fact, that the experiment for that is done in order
hypothesis either to confirm or to refute. If it there is.
But if it does not exist, then it is not possible to drive on!
(F) V.I.
Only additional confirmation
Speaking about the trimming and the artifacts, it had
in the form problems of a study strictly of the psyche (i.e., in the
searches for proofs it is possible to make sufficiently errors and
without the turning to vocabulary).
You give examples of the possible (with the presence of reliable
theory) study of psyche by lexical (indirect) methods. This
nothing of the kind that a study in the vocabulary in order to prove
some regularity in the work of psyche (as in my example from the
article). And since this assumed lexical regularity is
difficultly demonstrated (by methods of etymology), then, I will be
repeated, it it is possible to receive only as the additional fact
(together with others) in the confirmation of the hypothesis of the
appearance of positive emotion on the basis of negative.
Quotation: I to the fact, that the experiment for that is done in
order hypothesis either to confirm or to refute. If it there
is. But if it does not exist, then it is not possible to drive
on!
But if by contemporary methods it is not possible to
confirm hypothesis?
But if experiment is erroneous?
Quotation: and the etymology always it is possible to find such,
which will confirm almost any allusion.
I.e., is possible the trimming of results under the
hypothesis, which actually is not (it is erroneous).
(F) Psyling
Lyusher
Quotation: dark-blue azure color also is associated with the
travmiruyushchey situation.
dark-blue on Lyusheru - the calmness
(F) V.I.
Influence of the situation
Quotation: dark-blue on Lyusheru - the calmness
The fact is. For example, to rest it is
possible and in the scaffolding, which conceals danger (but where
still it is possible to rest in wild nature?).
The discrepancy of emotional reactions to the dark-blue color
(as to the red) can be explained by overcoming the fear, caused by the
travmiruyushchimi situations. But it is still important, what
situation: the blue color of sky - this is is one reaction, blue
in the means of man - already another reaction.
(PP) without difference
any, even light scratch is accompanied by hemorrhage.
Consequently, the form of the blood is always associated with
the travmiruyushchey situation, which, possibly, makes red color
beautiful.
Conclusion is not entirely intelligible, about why that is
associated with the injury, will be beautiful. Will increase the
level of anxiety, concentrate attention - this yes. Moreover
word the beauty does not relate to the psycho-sphere. This is
word-symbol, that designates the subjective relation between the
phenomenon in question and the motivational sphere of concrete
individual.
With the fact that the injury exerts the depreviruyushcheye
influence, it cannot be associated with something beautiful,
attractive, capable of potentially udovletovrit' any need.
(PP) V.I.
Quotation: Conclusion is not entirely intelligible, about why that
is associated with the injury, will be beautiful.
This mechanism makes it possible not to lose activity in
the presence of danger. The animal, forged by the fear of
height, will not reach fruits from the high tree and will perish from
the hunger. Fearing it will wound, animal will cease to move and
also it will perish. Euphoria at the height or in other
travmiruyushchikh situations, for example, from the form of the blood
helps to overcome fear, hostility. As a result the euphoria
becomes the basis of the emotional experiences of attractiveness and
beauty.
The same mechanism acts also at the everyday level, for example,
it helps to overcome natural fastidiousness in the contacts, to food
and so forth this and its own smells (surfaces of the skin, dirty
linen), and the smells of sexual partner, which are become attractive
in the specific situations.
(PP) without difference
Quotation: Fearing it will wound, animal will cease to move and
also it will perish.
Animal will not perish for the 3 reasons:
1. - this is the instinct of self-preservation.
2. - these are the mechanisms of mental protection.
3. - this need for increasing the intensity of
stimulus in the course of time. In other words habituation in
the course of time to the height.
Quotation: the smells of sexual partner, which are become
attractive in the specific situations.
... this is the fight of motives.
(PP) V.I.
Quotation: Animal will not perish for the 3 reasons:
1. - this is the instinct of self-preservation.
2. - these are the mechanisms of mental protection.
3. - this need for increasing the intensity of
stimulus in the course of time. In other words habituation in
the course of time to the height.
Data of concept (mechanisms) in the article are examined
as the stages of united process.
Instinct of self-preservation - at the basis its fear, hostility
(negative emotions).
Mental protection - this first of all "displacement".
Occurs the "displacement" of fear, unpleasant
experiences in the unconscious, and then the "displacement" -
formation of symbol.
Habituation to the stimulus, the stimulus - occurs by the
mechanism of "inversion" by transforming the negative emotion
(reaction to the symbol) into the positive on the same object basis
(i.e., positive emotion will appear to the same stimulus- symbol, to
which previously appeared negative emotion). As the example,
when the process of the eradication of fear (to suffer injury) is
completed, red color (symbol of injury), previously caused fear, will
become attractive, i.e., it will seem beautiful. This is
standard for the man.
Then on the basis of positive emotions the formation of motives
occurs (and their collision).
(PP) without difference
Positive emotion will appear in response to the
negative:
1 in such a case, when this negative emotion is simultaneously
connected with the more intensive positive emotion. Will in
other words occur to be the mechanism of motivational mediation.
2 negative emotion, connected with the symbol, is not confirmed,
gradually losing emotional intensity.
Generally, negative emotion - is forecast to the deprivation of
any need.
(PP) йцу
and that if Red Cap under this theory driven on?
We find the fact that we search for!
(PP) without difference
Red - beautiful. Is red cottage not by
angles, but by pirogues, etc.
Red Cap - beautiful cap. Only entire question why red
color is beautiful?
(PP) V.I.
Example with the red color only an special case (but most
significant) of general regularity. It clearly shows as it is
erected entire emotional number. This example gives also to
understand, as outstanding events they are reflected in the language,
the vocabulary. And also, this is simple mental process, since
here situation is permitted according to the principle: "yes" or
"no", in addition, because of the biological importance. It is
possible to give a number also of the more complex examples, when
mental process begins not with the physical, but from the
psychoemotional injury. Or even the more complex case, when the
prevailing motivation is formed as a result of the conflicting
motivations.
Without difference the quotation:
Positive emotion will appear in response to the
negative:
1 in such a case, when this negative emotion is simultaneously
connected with the more intensive positive emotion. Will in
other words occur to be the mechanism of motivational mediation.
2 negative emotion, connected with the symbol, is not
confirmed, gradually losing emotional intensity.
1. Quite right. The different authors
differently describe one and the same phenomenon. the "mechanism
of motivational mediation" - this practically the same as the
"formation of the subordinates of emotions and motives under the
effect of the prevailing motivation". I.e., when the prevailing
motivation of hunger is present, animal ceases to fear height and
climbs to the tree after the fruits.
2. I can only add that being weakened, the negative emotion
begins to be converted into the positive emotion. Here, it is
probable, acts the mechanism of braking the conditioned reflexes and
strengthening euphoria occurs. Apparently, the simple extinction
of the conditioned reflex it is insufficient in order to overcome
fear. For this appears the euphoria, i.e., positive emotion.
For example, animals cannot artificially create colors, but
people can. Coloring red different objects, not connected with
the injury, conditions for the retardation of the conditional reaction
of fear to the red color are created. In animals this reflex is
not braked. Therefore the majority of animals (and, in
particular, wolves) fear red flags.
йцу the quotation:
We find the fact that we search for!
Injuries are associated also with the drops. Hence
the fear of height. Then fear is weakened, being transformed
into the state of euphoria. They become attractive:
rocking on the swings, jumps, etc. (Displacement, inversion, sublimation...)
(PP) Katolik
Quotation: Injuries are associated also with the drops.
Hence the fear of height. Then fear is weakened, being
transformed into the state of euphoria. They become attractive:
rocking on the swings, jumps, etc.
Association - the fact not of intellectual activity, but
certain component of personal world view. By the associations it
cannot be judged ON THE WHOLE as
this you make (you will recall Freud). Partially,
the fact that you speak can be attributed to the specific social
medium, but not to humanity as a whole. In one group red will
indicate one, in another another. For example in me by the way
"injury" appears the analogy with the gypsum and, for some reason, the
screwdriver. Yes even then Tambovo wolf, will hardly react to
the red rag..., it is faster to the smell of that, who swings by it
before it
(PP) V.I.
Katolik The quotation:
Partially, the fact that you speak can be attributed to
the specific social medium, but not to humanity as a whole. In
one group red will indicate one, in another another.
Bruises and abrasion in the childhood - usual thing.
Negative emotional reactions to the symbols of injury can be
weakened even to the end of the period of children's amnesia.
Social medium at this age, yes even at any age, has a minimum
effect, since the discussion deals with the shielding mechanisms of
dosotsial'nogo level.
(PP) V.I.
Example from the region of dreams.
First in man sleeps with the drops appear (frequently in the
form of nightmares). This strengthens the fear of height, which
has shielding value. Then, when fear begins to superfluously
forge activity, sleeps with the wonderful flights (euphoria in the
sleep) appear, which helps to overcome the fear of height already in
the reality. (Sleep and dreams. Psychophysiology, function.)
(MA) metatron
Vladimir
debatably yento all. and if me green does please
itself? emerald-dark- light-green?
(MA) V.I.
metatron
If green color was connected with the travmiruyushchimi
situations, for example, during the game on the green grass, then
attractive (beautiful) can become green color.
(MA) metatron
Quotation: If green color was connected with the travmiruyushchimi
situations, for example, during the game on the green grass, then
attractive (beautiful) can become green color.
you know, thus it is possible to base anything.
I do not see, decisively, why positive emotion is obligated to be the
consequence of negative, and you will not vice versa explain, please...
(MA) V.I.
According to the large calculation, the distant danger
always draws, otherwise, any search activity would be forged by fear.
I.e., when fear preodolevayetsya, appears the euphoria, which
helps in the difficult situations.
Positive emotions appear with weakening of negative (danger).
Negative emotions initiate behavior, and positive direct.
(MA) metatron
and everything why to on- your negative emotions
are compulsorily primary? really entirely there are no positive
emotions, which are not been the consequence of negative?
in addition, than unfit approach of K. Jung with his four of mental
functions?
(MA) V.I.
The proofs of this hypothesis as yet there is no, and
message such. In nature there are no previously known, ideal'nly
of purpose (generally without any harmfulness), which it would be
possible to approach. But there is the optimum way, whose
direction coincides with weakening of the damaging factor. This
direction is determined by emotions (regulated function): by the
avoidance of the very strong damaging action and by tendency toward
the customary, weaker version of this action (with the appearance of
positive emotion).
4 by the functions of consciousness K. Jung describes
entire structure of psyche. In this model this particular
question, as the interrelation of positive and negative emotions it
seems is not examined.
(TM) JennyC
Quotation: For example, wild nature simultaneously is dangerous and
attractive. It is analogous with fear at the height when height
simultaneously is attractive, fear to stray in the scaffolding, to
wound against the sharp stones and the branches (which for sure
occurred, and this fear it was hidden before the consciousness) is
made itself forest attractive and in its own way beautiful.
I love nature, because near it I in greater safety and
feel large accordion, than among the civilization.
(TM) V.I.
Quotation: I love nature, because near it I in greater safety and
feel large accordion, than among the civilization.
In wild nature is provided the possibility to rest (to
feel itself out of danger), also, among the danger. Therefore
nature is attractive. Civilization represents small period in
the evolution, and the regularities, which arose in the evolution of
wild nature, are extended also to the civilization. For example,
cosmonauts, who returned themselves from the orbit, rest not only on
nature, but also among the civilization.
